Lamb and wool provisioning ecosystem services in Southern Patagonia

In Southern Patagonia, grasslands are the principal food resource for sheep reared for meat and wool as the main provisioning ecosystem services (ES). The main objective of this study was to model lamb and wool production as provisioning ES at a regional scale using climatic, topographic, and vegetation variables from sheep farms across Santa Cruz province. At a regional level, animal yield ranged from 0.25 to 0.69 g lamb/m2/yr and 0.10 to 0.19 g greasy wool/m2/yr. We used multiple regression models to produce maps of lamb and wool provisioning ES across Santa Cruz province. The model for variation of lamb production explained 96% of the variance in the data and the most significant predictor variables were temperature seasonality, normalized vegetation index (NVDI, dimensionless), and desertification index. The most important variables for the model of greasy wool production were isothermality, temperature seasonality, and NVDI, which together explained 98% of the variance. The lowest CF values of both products (lamb and wool) were located in more productive grasslands. There were differences in lamb and wool production across vegetation types with the highest values being located in more productive grasslands (0.51 g lamb/m2/yr in Nothofagus antarctica forest and 0.15 g greasy wool/m2/yr in Magellanic grass steppe and N. antarctica). Lamb and greasy wool yields decreased with desertification gradient due to erosion processes. The main limitation of the model is related to the data availability at landscape level, which must be improved in future studies by accounting for soil type, fertility, and soil water content. The results of lamb and wool production found in the present work assist in characterizing the provisioning ES ecosystem of livestock products in Southern Patagonia. The successful management of livestock becomes an important challenge to the commercial and policy communities to satisfy society’s need for food and wool products under sustainable grassland management.EEA Santa CruzFil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; Argentina.Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; Argentina.Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.Fil: Rosas, Yamina Micaela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC); Argentina.Fil: Rivera, Emilio Hernan. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; Argentina.Fil: Martínez Pastur, Guillermo José. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC); Argentina

Conectividad entre las poblaciones de jaguar en la Sierra Madre Oriental, México

"Introduction: The jaguar (Panthera onca) is an apex carnivore that is vulnerable to habitat fragmentation, and some of its populations are believed to be isolated in México where it is classed as endangered. The main the objective of our study was to evaluate connectivity of available jaguar habitat from the Sierra Madre Oriental of México (SMO) towards southern México. Methods: We determined least-cost pathways for jaguar movements among habitat patches in the SMO and identified potential corridors from the SMO. We used recent jaguar presence data and maximum entropy modeling to identify habitat patches in the SMO. We then used the Analytical Hierarchy Process to generate input values for a resistance (landscape permeability) matrix for jaguar movements that we generated using Multi-Criteria-Evaluation with a weighted linear combination. We then modeled least-cost pathways for both dispersal and local movements of jaguars. Results: We identified 581 potential highly suitable habitat patches for the jaguar. Of these, three were > 100 km2 and thus met the criteria for fundamental (i. e. capable of supporting a viable jaguar population) patches. The resistance matrix contained 3 % of low cost and 49 % intermediate cost areas for jaguar movements. Least-cost pathways analysis showed 61 dispersal routes totaling > 2,000 km and > 200 travel routes, with the largest number of both route types in Hidalgo. We also identified potentially five significant corridors for jaguar movement within the SMO and south towards southern México populations. Discussion and implications: We determined that the SMO contains significant jaguar habitat with multiple biological corridors for connectivity with more southern populations of jaguar in México. Based on this, we recommend development of management strategies to facilitate exchange of individuals from the SMO with other known jaguar populations in southern states (i. e. Oaxaca, Tabasco, Guerrero). Principal strategies may focus on habitat management of fundamental patches and habitat restoration between or around stepping-stones. Promoting connectivity among patches and populations which inhabit the SMO will increase its potential as a biodiversity conservation area.

Improving the knowledge of plant potential biodiversity-ecosystem services links using maps at the regional level in Southern Patagonia.

Background: Biodiversity supports multiple ecosystem services, whereas species loss endangers the provision of many services and affects ecosystem resilience and resistance capacity. The increase of remote sensing techniques llows to estimate biodiversity and ecosystem services supply at the landscape level in areas with low available data (e.g. Southern Patagonia). This paper evaluates the potential biodiversity and how it links with ecosystem services, based on vascular plant species across eight ecological areas. We also evaluated the habitat plant requirements and their relation with natural gradients. A total of 977 plots were used to develop habitat suitability maps based on an environmental niche factor analysis of 15 more important indicator species for each ecological area (n = 53 species) using 40 explanatory variables. Finally, these maps were combined into a single potential biodiversity map, which was linked with environmental variables and ecosystem services supply. For comparisons, data were extracted and compared through analyses of variance. Results: The plant habitat requirements varied greatly among the different ecological areas, and it was possible to define groups according to its specialization and marginality indexes. The potential biodiversity map allowed us to detect coldspots in the western mountains and hotspots in southern and eastern areas. Higher biodiversity was associated to higher temperatures and normalized difference vegetation index, while lower biodiversity was related to elevation and rainfall. Potential biodiversity was closely associated with supporting and provisioning ecosystem services in shrublands and grasslands in the humid steppe, while the lowest values were related to cultural ecosystem services in Nothofagus forests. Conclusions: The present study showed that plant species present remarkable differences in spatial distributions and ecological requirements, being a useful proxy for potential biodiversity modelling. Potential biodiversity values change across ecological areas allowing to identify hotspots and coldspots, a useful tool for landscape management and conservation strategies. In addition, links with ecosystem services detect potential synergies and trade-offs, where areas with the lowest potential biodiversity are related to cultural ecosystem services (e.g. aesthetic values) and areas with the greatest potential biodiversity showed threats related to productive activities (e.g. livestock).EEA Santa CruzFil: Rosas, Yamina Micaela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC); Argentina.Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; Argentina.Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; Argentina.Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.Fil: Lencinas, María Vanessa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC); Argentina.Fil: Lasagno, Romina Gisele. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; Argentina.Fil: Martínez Pastur, Guillermo José. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC); Argentin

Potential biodiversity map of bird species (Passeriformes): Analyses of ecological niche, environmental characterization and identification of priority conservation areas in southern Patagonia

Different methodologies try to identify priority conservation areas (PCA) to improve habitat conservation and decrease human pressures over bird species at coarse-scale. Map of potential biodiversity (PB) can identify PCA (high PB values) at different scale levels by considering ecological requirements and distributions through potential habitat suitability (PHS) models. The aim was to elaborate a map of PB of bird species based on PHS models to spatially identify PCA in Santa Cruz, Argentina. Moreover, we want to analysis species’ ecology requirements, and evaluate PB values and spatially identify PCA through two scale levels. We computed 47 models using Environmental Niche Factor Analysis (ENFA) on Biomapper software. Each model was visualized and combined to get a unique map of PB. We analyzed ecological requirements by specialization and marginality and PHS maps. Moreover, considering natural environments (regional level) and forest types’ cover (forest landscape level), we evaluated PB values using ANOVAs and identified PCA under different human pressures, using human footprint (HPF) map. Bird species related to Nothofagus forests were most specialist and exhibited a narrower potential distribution than grassland species. At regional level, Magellanic grass steppes displayed the highest PB values, where most of the PCA had high HPF values. At forest landscape level, ecotone N. antarctica forests had the highest PB values, where PCA with low HFP values were outside current protected networking. We conclude that combining PHS models and the map of PB allowed us to improve bird distribution studies and to assist biodiversity conservation strategies under human pressures.Fil: Rosas, Yamina Micaela. Universidad de Copenhagen; Dinamarca. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; ArgentinaFil: Benitez, Julieta. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Lencinas, María Vanessa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Politi, Natalia. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas; ArgentinaFil: Martínez Pastur, Guillermo José. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentin

Modeling Soil Nitrogen Content in South Patagonia across a Climate Gradient, Vegetation Type, and Grazing

Soil total nitrogen (N) stock in rangelands, shrublands, and forests support key ecological functions such as the capacity of the land to sustain plant and animal productivity and ecosystem services. The objective of this study was to model soil total N stocks and soil C/N ratio from 0-30 cm depth across the region using freely accessible information on topography, climate, and vegetation with a view to establishing a baseline against which sustainable land management practices can be evaluated in Southern Patagonia. We used stepwise multiple regression to determine which independent variables best explained soil totalNvariation across the landscape in Southern Patagonia. We then used multiple regression models to upscale and produce maps of soil total N and C/N across the Santa Cruz province. Soil total N stock to 30 cm ranged from 0.13 to 2.21 kg N m-2, and soil C/N ratios ranged from 4.5 to 26.8. The model for variation of soil total N stock explained 88% of the variance on the data and the most powerful predictor variables were: isothermality, elevation, and vegetation cover (normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)). Soil total N and soil C/N ratios were allocated to three categories (low, medium, high) and these three levels were used to map the variation of soil total N and soil C/N ratios across Southern Patagonia. The results demonstrate that soil total N decreases as desertification increases, probably due to erosional processes, and that soil C/N is lower at low temperatures and increased with increasing precipitation. Soil total N and soil C/N ratios are critical variables that determine system capacity for productivity, especially the provisioning ecosystem services, and can serve as baselines against which efforts to adopt more sustainable land management practices in Patagonia can be assessed.Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Santa Cruz. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Santa Cruz. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Santa Cruz. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Santa Cruz; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; ArgentinaFil: Rosas, Yamina Micaela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Ladd, Brenton. Universidad Científica del Sur; PerúFil: Toledo, Santiago. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Santa Cruz. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Santa Cruz. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Santa Cruz. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Santa Cruz; ArgentinaFil: Lasagno, Romina G.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; ArgentinaFil: Martínez Pastur, Guillermo José. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentin

Potential biodiversity map of bird species (Passeriformes): Analyses of ecological niche, environmental characterization and identification of priority conservation areas in southern Patagonia

Different methodologies try to identify priority conservation areas (PCA) to improve habitat conservation and decrease human pressures over bird species at coarse-scale. Map of potential biodiversity (PB) can identify PCA (high PB values) at different scale levels by considering ecological requirements and distributions through potential habitat suitability (PHS) models. The aim was to elaborate a map of PB of bird species based on PHS models to spatially identify PCA in Santa Cruz, Argentina. Moreover, we want to analysis species’ ecology requirements, and evaluate PB values and spatially identify PCA through two scale levels. We computed 47 models using Environmental Niche Factor Analysis (ENFA) on Biomapper software. Each model was visualized and combined to get a unique map of PB. We analyzed ecological requirements by specialization and marginality and PHS maps. Moreover, considering natural environments (regional level) and forest types’ cover (forest landscape level), we evaluated PB values using ANOVAs and identified PCA under different human pressures, using human footprint (HPF) map. Bird species related to Nothofagus forests were most specialist and exhibited a narrower potential distribution than grassland species. At regional level, Magellanic grass steppes displayed the highest PB values, where most of the PCA had high HPF values. At forest landscape level, ecotone N. antarctica forests had the highest PB values, where PCA with low HFP values were outside current protected networking. We conclude that combining PHS models and the map of PB allowed us to improve bird distribution studies and to assist biodiversity conservation strategies under human pressures.EEA Santa CruzFil: Rosas, Yamina Micaela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC); Argentina.Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; Argentina.Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; Argentina.Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.Fil: Benítez, Julieta. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC). Laboratorio de Recursos Agroforestales; Argentina.Fil: Lencinas, María Vanessa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC); Argentina.Fil: Politi, Natalia. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina.Fil: Politi, Natalia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ecoregiones Andinas (INECOA); Argentina.Fil: Martínez Pastur, Guillermo José. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC); Argentina

A preliminary faunistic study of soil nematodes from different land uses in Tropical Deciduous Forest in the Costa Chica of Guerrero, Mexico

Tropical Deciduous Forest (TDF) is an important biome threatened globally by climate change and human encroachment. Changes in diversity and abundance of soil nematodes can serve as indicators of soil disturbance due to human activities. Our objective was to present a first inventory of the generic biodiversity of soil nematodes in seven TDF sites subjected to different current or decade-old land uses, located near Copala in the Costa Chica region of Guerrero, Mexico. TDF landscapes are especially heterogeneous in many soil and microclimate parameters, while subsistence agriculture systems in this biome are highly diverse and present great challenges for sampling design with replication. We therefore chose to focus on characterizing the soil nematode fauna, as a first step before undertaking detailed analyses of all potentially relevant biotic and abiotic factors. Genus-level diversity ranged from 12 to 18 taxa for the sampled land uses, or 27 total taxa for all samples combined. Statistical tests for data analysis without replication revealed significant differences in nematode diversity, trophic structure, and abundance between land uses. Four sites, left as fallows for ten years after prior human uses, were statistically different from each other as well as from a forest site undisturbed for at least twenty years. Despite the methodological limitations inherent in this initial study, we hypothesize that some effects on nematode communities may persist for more than a decade after the anthropogenic impacts of subsistence farming in TDF. Thus, future nematode surveys in the TDF biome should not only analyze the current properties of sampling sites, but also document data related to factors from past human use activities. Example factors, suggested by the pattern of nematode abundance from the seven sites in our study, include past levels of trampling by human traffic and grazing, as well as estimates of past amounts of plant debris deposition accumulated by harvesting or weeding.El Bosque Tropical Caducifolio (BTC) es un importante bioma amenazado por el cambio climático y la invasión humana. Los nematodos del suelo pueden ser indicadores de la perturbación del suelo debido a las actividades humanas. Nuestro objetivo fue presentar un primer inventario sobre la biodiversidad de los nematodos en siete sitios sometidos actualmente a diferentes usos del suelo, o con usos anteriores no perturbados durante diez años. Estos sitios están localizados en el BTC cerca de Copala en la región de la Costa Chica de Guerrero, México. Los paisajes del BTC son especialmente heterogéneos en muchos parámetros de suelo y microclima, mientras que los sistemas agrícolas de subsistencia en este bioma son muy diversos y presentan grandes desafíos para el muestreo con replicación. Debido a esto decidimos observar la fauna de nematodos del suelo como un primer paso antes de empezar el análisis de todos los parámetros abióticos potencialmente relevantes. La diversidad a nivel de género osciló entre 12 y 18 taxones para los usos del suelo muestreados, o 27 taxones en total. Las pruebas estadísticas para el análisis de datos sin replicación revelaron diferencias significativas entre los usos del suelo en la diversidad de nematodos, la estructura trófica y la abundancia. Cuatro sitios dejados en descanso por una década después de varios usos fueron estadísticamente diferentes entre sí y con el sitio forestal no perturbado por veinte años. A pesar de las limitaciones metodológicas inherentes a este estudio inicial, planteamos la hipótesis de que, en el BTC, algunos efectos en las comunidades de nematodos pueden persistir durante más de una década después de los impactos antropogénicos de la agricultura de subsistencia. Por lo tanto, las futuras encuestas de nematodos de los ecosistemas derivados de un BTC no solo deberían analizar las propiedades actuales de los sitios de muestreo, sino también documentar los datos relacionados con factores de las actividades humanas en el pasado. Entre estos factores, sugeridos por los resultados de nuestro estudio, se deben incluir niveles ​​de pisoteo humano y pastoreo, así como estimaciones de cantidades de deposición de desechos vegetales acumuladas por cosecha o deshierbe

Marco conceptual para definir estrategias de manejo en sistemas silvopastoriles para los bosques nativos

Most of the native forests in Argentina are used for livestock production with little sustainable silvopastoral management. Our objective here is to discuss different management strategies where natural and human capital are combined to co-produce cosystem services (ES) provided by silvopastoral systems in native forests, interacting with different ecosystem functions and biodiversity. Also, we provide perspectives that should be analyzed in a context of socio-ecological approaches in agro-forestry landscapes. Four types of theoretical strategies are proposed (win-win, win-lose, lose-win and lose-lose), which define the social-ecological and economic thresholds that determine the provision of ES and biodiversity in the long term. The evidence of the win-lose strategy occurs when the silvopastoral systems are managed mainly to increase economic profitability through increments in forage biomass aimed to increase livestock production in the medium and long term. Deferred deforestation was presented as a typical example of lose-lose strategy in the Chaco region based on short-term management strategies by only obtaining commodities (crops or livestock products) without considering the negative interactions with other ES and loss of biodiversity. The information provided in this work should assist stakeholders and researchers to identify thresholds of economic profitability and ecological resilience in ecosystems under management. The proposed approaches provide a utilitarian vision of ecosystem services and key aspects of social-ecological resilience.Marco conceptual para definir estrategias de manejo en sistemas silvopastoriles para los bosques nativos. La mayoría de los bosques nativos de la Argentina se utilizan para la producción ganadera con escaso manejo silvopastoril sustentable. El objetivo fue discutir diferentes estrategias de manejo en las que el capital natural y el humano se combinan para coproducir los servicios ecosistémicos (SE) que brindan los sistemas silvopastoriles en los bosques nativos, interactuando con la biodiversidad y con diferentes funciones de los ecosistemas. Además, proponemos perspectivas para ser analizadas en un contexto de enfoques social-ecológicos en paisajes agroforestales. Se proponen cuatro tipos de estrategias teóricas (ganar-ganar, ganar-perder, perderganar y perder-perder) que definen los umbrales social-ecológicos y económicos que determinan la provisión de SE y biodiversidad a largo plazo. La evidencia de la estrategia ganar-perder ocurre cuando los sistemas silvopastoriles se manejan principalmente para aumentar la rentabilidad económica a través de incrementos en la biomasa forrajera, a fin de elevar la producción ganadera en el mediano y el largo plazo. La deforestación diferida se presentó como un ejemplo típico de estrategia perder-perder en la región del Chaco, basada en un manejo a corto plazo, obteniendo sólo cultivos de alto valor comercial (cultivos o productos pecuarios) sin considerar las interacciones negativas con otros SE y la pérdida de biodiversidad. La información proporcionada en este trabajo debería ayudar a los tomadores de decisión e investigadores a identificar los umbrales de rentabilidad económica y resiliencia ecológica en los ecosistemas bajo gestión. Los enfoques planteados proveen una visión utilitaria de los servicios ecosistémicos y aspectos claves de resiliencia social-ecológica.EEA Santa CruzFil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; Argentina.Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; Argentina.Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.Fil: Rosas, Yamina Micaela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC); Argentina.Fil: Lopez, Dardo Ruben. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Manfredi. Campo Anexo Villa Dolores; Argentina.Fil: Lopez, Dardo Ruben. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.Fil: Lencinas, María Vanessa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC); Argentina.Fil: Cavallero, Laura. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Manfredi. Campo Anexo Villa Dolores; Argentina.Fil: Martínez Pastur, Guillermo José. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC); Argentina

Índice de huella humana (IHH) y provisión de los servicios ecosistémicos en Santa Cruz

Las presiones de las actividades humanas influyen sobre los ecosistemas ypotencialmente sobre los procesos, funciones y provisión de los servicios ecosistémicos (SE). En los últimos años, el mapeo de las presiones humanas a partir del índice de huella humana (IHH) y la provisión de diferentes SE, han sido utilizados como una herramienta eficaz para el manejo y el ordenamiento territorial. El objetivo fue analizar la provisión de SE y el IHH en las diferentes áreas ecológicas de Santa Cruz (Cordillera (COR), Pastizal Subandino (PS), Estepa Seca (ES) Matorral de Mata Negra (MMN), Estepa Húmeda (EH)) e identificar potenciales conflictos entre ellos. En un sistema de información geográfico (SIG) se generaron mapas a una escala provincial (90 x 90 m) sobre: (i) SE de soporte y regulación (carbono orgánico, nitrógeno total y PPN) yprovisión (densidad ganadera), (ii) IHH (0 a 1) a partir de distancias euclidianas de diferentes elementos del paisaje (urbanización, rutas, ductos, sísmicas, pozos petroleros, yacimientos mineros y ganadería). Todas las variables analizadas presentaron diferencias significativas entre áreas ecológicas. Los SE de soporte y regulación, (carbono y PPN) presentaron valores significativos por encima de la media para COR y EH (C = 5,3 kg/m2; PPN = 127,9 grC/m2), además nitrógeno presentó valores significativos por encima de la media para PS (N = 0,5 kg/m2). Por su parte, MMN mostró presentó valores significativos cercanos a media para estos SE. El SE de provisión presentó valores significativos por encima de la media (0,4 ovejas/ha) para EH y MMN, mientras que para las otras áreas fue menor. Finalmente, el IHH presentóvalores significativos mayores a la media (0,3) para EH y MMN, siendo, menores para COR y PS. Concluimos que, las áreas ecológicas con mayor provisión de SE coinciden (EH, MMN), siendo además, las más afectas por los impactos humanos. Esto genera potenciales conflicto para la provisión y conservación de los SE.Fil: Rosas, Yamina Micaela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Pedrana, Julieta. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: Martínez Pastur, Guillermo José. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaIV Jornadas Forestales de Patagonia Sur y IV Congreso Internacional Agroforestal PatagónicoUshuaiaArgentinaCentro Austral de Investigaciones CientíficasInstituto Nacional de Tecnología AgropecuariaUniversidad Nacional de Tierra del FuegoGobierno de Tierra del Fuego, Antártida e Islas del Atlántico Sur. Ministerio de Agricultura, Ganadería y Pesca;Asociación Rural de Tierra del Fueg